Shooting Mechanisms in Nature: A Systematic Review
Table 1
Summary of launch parameters of the identified shooting mechanisms in fungi.
For the projectile mass, launch velocity, launch acceleration, launch distance, and launch angle, the measurement technique is coded as following: Standard = measured using a high-speed video camera. Bold = calculated by referred authors using measured launch parameters. Italics = manual measurement of the parameter (e.g. from photograph stills, without the use of a high-speed video camera). Standard* = estimated by us from data/figure in indicated reference(s); for the power output per unit mass the launch acceleration [m/s2] is multiplied with the launch velocity [m/s] and for the work per unit mass the power output [W/kg] is integrated over the launch duration [s]. The launch parameters are indicated as mean (± standard deviation), peak (indicated with “peak” behind the value), or a range (minimum value–maximum value). Per launch parameter, the peak value identified in this review is indicated by a double-lined box (with the exception of the launch angle).