Shooting Mechanisms in Nature: A Systematic Review
Fig 1
The structural categorization of the identified shooting mechanisms in fungi, allocated based on the energy management criteria discussed above.
Momentum catapult: observed in the phylum Basidiomycota, schematic illustration of Auricularia auricular. Fluid pressure catapult: observed in the phylum Ascomycota and the genera Pilobolus and Basidiobolus of the phylum Zygomycota, schematic illustration of Pilobolus kleinii. Osmotic-powered eversion catapult: observed in the genus Sphaerobolus. Cavitation coiling catapult: observed in genera and species of the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, schematic illustration of Zygophalia jamaicensis.