Lactic Acid Fermentation of Cactus Cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Generates Flavonoid Derivatives with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Fig 7
Permutation analysis of compositional and functional profiles.
Permutation analysis of compositional [vitamin C, total carotenoids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), kaemferol, and isorhamnetin], and functional [antioxidant activity, nitric oxide release, tumour necrosis alfa (TNFα), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transepithelial electric resistance (TEER), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)] profiles of raw cladode pulp (CP), CP without bacterial inoculum and chemically acidified (CP-CT), and fermented CP with Lactobacillus plantarum 1MR20 (1MR20) and CIL6 (CIL6), Lactobacillus brevis POM4 (POM4), Lactobacillus rossiae 2LC8 (2LC8) and Pediococcus pentosaceus CILSWE5 (CILSWE5). Differences are represented colorimetrically with red and green indicating the highest and lowest values of the standardized data, respectively, for each parameter. All data were shown as a percentage of dissimilarity using Euclidean distance.