The Dietary Isoflavone Daidzein Reduces Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Genes through PPARα/γ and JNK Pathways in Adipocyte and Macrophage Co-Cultures
Fig 1
Effect of daidzein on pro-inflammatory gene expression in contact co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages.
3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for seven days. RAW264 macrophages were co-cultured on adipocytes (Co-culture) in serum-free medium with (Daid) or without daidzein (Cont) for 24 h. (A) Ccl2, Il6, Tnf and adiponectin mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR and normalized to β-actin expression. Values are expressed as the fold change compared with a separate Cont culture arbitrarily set to 1. (B) The amounts of CCL-2, and IL-6 protein in the medium were determined by ELISA and normalized to the total cell protein content. **, p<0.01 versus Cont; §, p<0.05; §§, p<0.01 versus co-culture Cont.