The Punctum Fixum-Punctum Mobile Model: A Neuromuscular Principle for Efficient Movement Generation?
Fig 5
Detection and appellation of the INOS patterns.
a) Demonstration of the angles between segmentum fixum and segmentum mobile in the C-minus vs. C-plus position. b) Onset detection: Right: EMG of the anterior muscle chain with m. pectoralis major (PM; M1), m. rectus abdominis (RA; M2) and m. rectus femoris (RF; M3) during a giant swing. The horizontal lines in the plots represent the onset threshold. Their first crossing with the EMG activation is defined as the ‘‘onset time”. On the left side of the EMG plots the color scale is represented, the colored muscle matrices in the segment model are based on. Left: Lattice model of the gymnast (with muscle matrices integrated) at the moment been represented by the vertical line of the EMG on the right. c) Examples of dynamic changes from C-minus to C-plus positions (or vice versa) during different elements around different axes. The appellation of the corresponding muscles depends on the location of the rotational axis (M1 allways next to punctum fixum).