Enzymes from Fungal and Plant Origin Required for Chemical Diversification of Insecticidal Loline Alkaloids in Grass-Epichloë Symbiota
Figure 4
GC-MS traces showing loline-alkaloid profiles of meadow fescue symbiotic with different E. festucae strains.
(A) The lolN-lolM knockout (KO), (B) an empty-vector control transformant (WT+vec), and (C and D) complementation strains (KO+lolN+lolM). The numbers after complementation strains represent different meadow fescue plants inoculated with independent transformants. (E) Proposed roles of LolN and LolM (this work), and reported role of LolP [14], in the biosynthetic pathway from N-acetylnorloline (NANL) to the final product, N-formylloline (NFL).