Differential Acute Postprandial Effects of Processed Meat and Isocaloric Vegan Meals on the Gastrointestinal Hormone Response in Subjects Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Controls: A Randomized Crossover Study
Figure 3
Postprandial changes in plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal and appetite hormones in patients with diabetes (T2D, full line) (n = 48) and healthy controls (HC, dashed line) (n = 49) after ingestion of the V-meal (circles) and the M-meal (squares).
Data are expressed as mean with 95%CI. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed. A: GLP-1: Healthy controls: Factors diet: p = 0.1072; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.2731; T2D: diet: p<0.0001; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p<0.0001. B: GIP: Healthy controls: Factors diet: p = 0.0128; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.0001; T2D: diet: p = 0.0005; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p<0.0001. C: PP: Healthy controls: Factors diet: p<0.0001; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.0016; T2D: diet: p = 0.5702; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.0124. D: PYY: Healthy controls: Factors diet: p<0.0001; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.0768; T2D: diet: p<0.0001; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.004. E: Ghrelin: Healthy controls: Factors diet: p<0.0001; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.0004; T2D: diet: p = 0.0002; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.9519. F: Leptin: Healthy controls: Factors diet: p = 0.0019; time: p<0.0001; intraction diet × time: p = 0.9983; T2D: diet: p<0.0001; time: p<0.0001; interaction diet × time: p = 0.4988.