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An Endoparasitoid Avoids Hyperparasitism by Manipulating Immobile Host Herbivore to Modify Host Plant Morphology

Figure 5

The thickness of upper and lower gall walls of unparasitized Masakimyia pustulae galls and those parasitized by Platygaster sp. in 2012.

The number of galls examined was shown in each column. Asterisk indicates significant differences, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (one-way ANOVA).

Figure 5

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102508.g005