Novel Analogue of Colchicine Induces Selective Pro-Death Autophagy and Necrosis in Human Cancer Cells
Figure 4
Green 1 Induces Selective Pro-Death Autophagy.
(A) Pancreatic cancer cells, human leukemia cells (Jurkat) and NHFs were incubated with Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) to stain autophagic vacuoles and propidium iodide (PI) for cell death to determine if autophagic induction led to cell death. Bright, punctate staining is indicative of autophagy, as seen in our positive control (Tamoxifen treated cells). Images were taken at 400X magnification on a fluorescent microscope. (B) Western blot analyses of Beclin-1 expression and LC3 conversion were conducted on PANC-1 cells treated with 5.0 µM Green 1 at various time points. β-actin was measured as an internal control. Samples treated for 3 and 6 hours were compared to the early control, while the sample treated for 48 hours was compared to the 48-hour control. Results are expressed as mean ± SD from two independent experiments for both Western blots.