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Adverse Effects from Clenbuterol and Ractopamine on Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the Underlying Mechanism

Figure 5

Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on toxicity from clentuberol or ractopamine in C. elegans.

(A) Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on growth in clentuberol or ractopamine exposed nematodes. Twenty nematodes were examined per treatment. (B) Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on brood size in clentuberol or ractopamine exposed nematodes. Twenty nematodes were examined per treatment. (C) Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on locomotion behavior in clentuberol or ractopamine exposed nematodes. Fifty nematodes were examined per treatment. (D) Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on intestinal autofluorescence in clentuberol or ractopamine exposed nematodes. Twenty nematodes were examined per treatment. (E) Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on intestinal ROS production in clentuberol or ractopamine exposed nematodes. Twenty nematodes were examined per treatment. (F) Effects of overexpression of sod-2 gene on lifespan in clentuberol or ractopamine exposed nematodes. Thirty nematodes were examined per treatment. Exposures were performed from L1-larvae to adult (prolonged exposure) at the concentration of 10 µg/L. Bars represent mean ± S.E.M. **P<0.01.

Figure 5

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085482.g005