New In Vitro Phenotypic Assay for Epilepsy: Fluorescent Measurement of Synchronized Neuronal Calcium Oscillations
Figure 5
Changes in calcium oscillations in response to application of antiepileptic drugs working through a variety of modes of action.
(A-E) Representative recordings of cultures exposed to an agonist of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (A), a potassium channel opener (B), showing activity in this model Topiramate was inactive at the highest dose that could be tested (C). Levetiracetam also failed to show activity in this model at concentrations up to 5 mM (D-E) while valproate showed partial activity at concentrations up to 2 mM (G-H) and suppression of calcium oscillations at 5 mM (I). Time exposed to the compound denoted by blue bar is 6 minutes.