New In Vitro Phenotypic Assay for Epilepsy: Fluorescent Measurement of Synchronized Neuronal Calcium Oscillations
Figure 3
4-AP-enhanced calcium oscillations are modulated by GABA and glutamate receptors, and ion channels.
(A) Representative recordings of cultures exposed to vehicle or 4-AP 4 minutes into the recording (time exposed to the compound denoted by blue bar is 6 minutes). 4-AP induced a dose-response transient elevation of intracellular calcium baseline accompanied by an increase in frequency. (B-D) Response of the 4-AP-enhanced calcium oscillations to GABA receptor agonism (B), NMDA receptor inhibition (MK-501, C) and AMPA receptor inhibition (CNQX, D). (E-G) Response of the calcium oscillations to ion channel inhibitors.