Dielectrophoresis-Based Discrimination of Bacteria at the Strain Level Based on Their Surface Properties
Figure 3
Analysis of key trapping parameters.
Integrated fluorescence intensity of PA14 WT and PA14 pvrR as a function of time, with representative inverted fluorescent images of PA14 pvrR (a). Voltage was swept at 1 V/s for 100 seconds (e.g. 50 s corresponds to 50 V applied). The response can be characterized by the time at which trapping can first be observed and the rate at which bacteria accumulate. Trapping initiation and bacteria accumulation rate for all ten strains investigated (b). Initial trapping and cell accumulation rate are fitted as shown in the inset. pvrR, mucA, and pelA demonstrate earlier and stronger responses than PA14 WT, while flgK, pilC, and cupA1 exhibit later and weaker responses. Accumulation rates for S. mitis SF100 and PS344 are similar, but PS344 traps earlier (i.e. at a lower voltage).