Dielectrophoresis-Based Discrimination of Bacteria at the Strain Level Based on Their Surface Properties
Figure 2
Trapping of bacteria near the constriction.
Fluorescence intensity (arb) (a) and time–lapse images (b) for aggregation of S. mitis SF100, PA14 WT, and PA14 mucA when exposed to a constant voltage difference of 45 V for t = 10–110 seconds. Away from the constriction, electrophoretic force acting on the bacteria dominates over electroosmotic fluid flow and moves the bacteria from right to left towards the negative electrode. Close to the constriction, positive dielectrophoresis pulls the bacteria back into the constriction. Trapping behavior was observed in PA14 mucA and SF100, but not in PA14 WT, while aggregation was only observed in PA14 mucA. The region of integration is shown in (b).