Malate and Fumarate Extend Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Figure 8
The effect of malate, fumarate, and succinate on respiration, ATP, and ΔΨ in C. elegans.
(A) The effect of 10 mM malate, fumarate, or succinate treatment on oxygen consumption in day 4 N2 worms (p<0.001). (B) The effect of 10 mM malate, fumarate, or succinate treatment on ATP levels in day 4 N2 worms (p<0.001). (C) The effect of 10 mM malate, fumarate, or succinate or 10 µM FCCP treatment on ΔΨ in day 2 N2 worms.