Malate and Fumarate Extend Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Figure 6
Effects of malate, fumarate, and succinate on thermotolerance, oxidative stress, and DAF-16::GFP nuclear translocation.
(A) 10 mM malate increased thermotolerance (log-rank p<0.001), while 10 mM succinate (log-rank p = 0.03) and 10 mM fumarate (log-rank p = 0.12) had smaller protective effects. C. elegans were grown at 20°C and then upshifted to 38°C. (B) 10 mM malate, fumarate, or succinate treatment decreased GST-4::GFP fluorescence in the absence (*p<0.05 compared to untreated N2) and in the presence of 10 mM paraquat (# p<0.05 compared to paraquat treated N2). (C) 10 mM malate, fumarate, or succinate treatment increased the nuclear translocation of DAF-16::GFP.