Antineoplastic Effects of α-Santalol on Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Phase and Induction of Apoptosis
Figure 2
Effect of α-santalol on DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry.
(A) MCF-7, (B) MDA-MB-231 and (C) MCF-10A cells were treated with α-santalol (0–100 µM) for 48 h and the extent of DNA fragmentation was determined by flow cytometric analysis. APO-BrdU TUNEL assay kit (Invitrogen) was used for the experiment and BrdU incorporation at DNA strand breaks of apoptotic cells were detected by conjugation to an Alexa Fluor 488 dye-labeled anti-BrdU antibody. The extent of DNA fragmentation was quantified by computational analysis of cells staining positive for BrdU using CellQuest software. (D) The bar graph indicates the percentages of apoptotic cells with fragmented DNA in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cells. In each case data represents mean ± SD of three observations. *, P<0.05 indicates statistical significance in α-santalol treated groups compared with the control.