Sensorimotor Recalibration Depends on Attribution of Sensory Prediction Errors to Internal Causes
Figure 5
Trial-by-trial recalibration of internal sensory predictions.
To investigate the recalibration of internal sensory predictions on a trial-by-trial basis, we performed a linear regression analysis using the perceived pointing direction in feedback trials (Figure 3A) to predict the perceived pointing direction in the consecutive perceptual probe trials (Figure 3C). This analysis was applied to single manipulation values as well as to all manipulation values. When analysing the correlation coefficients obtained for single manipulation values by a repeated-measures ANOVA, we found no significant main effect of orientation of manipulation (F(1, 10) = 0.66, P = .435), no significant main effect of amount of manipulation (F(3, 30) = 0.70, P = .557) and no significant interaction (F(3, 30) = 2.35, P = .092). We therefore pooled the correlation coefficients across counterclockwise and clockwise manipulations of the same amount. The figure displays the correlation coefficient r for all manipulation values, for veridical feedback (i.e. manipulations of 0°) and for single amounts of manipulation of 5°, 10°, 20° and 40° (mean ± standard error across subjects, compare Table S1 for details). If the amount of visual feedback manipulation was larger than 5°, the internally attributed component of the visual prediction error in a given feedback trial explained the recalibration of subjects’ internal sensory predictions. All reported P-values are Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons (one-sample one-tailed t-tests, *** P<.001, ** P<.01, (*) P<.10, n.s. P≥.10).