Salinomycin Induces Autophagy in Colon and Breast Cancer Cells with Concomitant Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Figure 2
Induction of cell death by salinomycin in colon and breast cancer cell lines.
(A) DNA fragmentation is induced after 48 hours of salinomycin treatment. DNA fragmentation was measured by flow cytometry as a sub-G1 cell fraction after propidium iodide staining (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001 by t-test). (B) Measurement of the mitochondrial potential using JC-1 staining, determined as the ratio of red (FL2, JC1-aggregates) and green fluorescence (FL1, monomeric form) (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001 by t-test). (C) Staining of colon cancer cell line SW480 with JC-1 visualization via fluorescence microscopy. Cells without salinomycin treatment show orange fluorescence, indicating an intact mitochondrial potential. Apoptotic cells with decreased mitochondrial potential show green fluorescence.