Synergistic Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Tube Formation, and Sprouting by Cyclosporin A and Itraconazole
Figure 3
Cyclosporin A and itraconazole synergistically inhibit endothelial cell tube formation and sprout formation.
(A) HUVEC were grown on a matrigel coated plates in the presence of vehicle only (DMSO), CsA (8 µM), Ita (800 nM), or a combination of the same CsA and Ita doses. The tube networks were stained with Calcein AM. Total tube length (B), number of junctions (C), and total network size (D) were calculated using AngioQuant (n = 3). (E) HUVEC spheres were embedded in a collagen matrix in the presence of basal media (EGM-2+2% FBS) (−GF), or complete media supplemented with VEGF165 and bFGF (+GF). The spheroids were treated with drug as in (A) (n = 4; scale bar = 50 µm). Insets are magnified views of the tube architecture. Cumulative sprout length was quantified (F). The non-interaction value is denoted by the horizontal line in B–D and F. Error bars, SEM; * p<0.1; ** p<0.05.