A Systematic Review of Research on the Meaning, Ethics and Practices of Authorship across Scholarly Disciplines
Figure 3
Forest plot of reported rates of problems with or misuse of authorship in self- or non-self reports in 14 survey studies [31], [41], [46], [50], [75], [77], [78], [82], [85], [91], [96], [109], [114], [126].
The area of a square represent sample size, horizontal lines are 95% confidence interval, diamond and vertical dotted line show the pooled weighted estimate.