A Three-Dimensional Atlas of the Honeybee Neck
Figure 6
Schematic diagram illustrating direct and indirect head rotation around the three primary axes.
Left: the head and propectus from the side in their natural position, after direct upward head pitch, and after indirect upward head pitch. Middle: the head and prospectus from above in their natural position, after direct rightward head yaw, and indirect rightward head yaw. Right: the head and prospectus as seen from the back in their natural position, after direct rightward head roll, and indirect rightward head roll. In all cases the head is rotated by 20°. Dark grey indicates the occipital processes, filled circles indicate the pivot points of the head.