Correlation assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their subvariants present in clinical and wastewater samples in Oregon, USA (February 7, 2021 - February 26, 2022) using the Freyja bioinformatics approach

Anirudh Bhatia; Justin Elser; Steven J. Carrell; Brent Kronmiller; Melissa Sutton; Christine Kelly; Tyler S. Radniecki

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0357591

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Correlation assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their subvariants present in clinical and wastewater samples in Oregon, USA (February 7, 2021 - February 26, 2022) using the Freyja bioinformatics approach

Anirudh Bhatia,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8626-5651

⨯
Justin Elser,

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
⨯
Steven J. Carrell,

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-2601

⨯
Brent Kronmiller,

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
⨯
Melissa Sutton,

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
⨯
Christine Kelly,

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
⨯
Tyler S. Radniecki

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: tyler.radniecki@oregonstate.edu

Affiliation School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-3562

⨯

Correlation assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their subvariants present in clinical and wastewater samples in Oregon, USA (February 7, 2021 - February 26, 2022) using the Freyja bioinformatics approach

Anirudh Bhatia,
Justin Elser,
Steven J. Carrell,
Brent Kronmiller,
Melissa Sutton,
Christine Kelly,
Tyler S. Radniecki

Published: September 9, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357591

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