Evolution patterns and characteristics of ballasted track bed lateral resistances in cold regions under progressive freezing of ice layers

• Jianxing Liu ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: liujianxing@cdivtc.edu.cn

  Affiliations Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rail Transit Lines Smart Operation and Maintenance, Chengdu Vocational and Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2442-2453

  ⨯
• Wei Qi,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Supervision

  Affiliation Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rail Transit Lines Smart Operation and Maintenance, Chengdu Vocational and Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  ⨯
• Aiping Chen,

  Roles Investigation, Validation

  Affiliation Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rail Transit Lines Smart Operation and Maintenance, Chengdu Vocational and Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  ⨯
• Yong Cao,

  Roles Formal analysis, Visualization

  Affiliation Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rail Transit Lines Smart Operation and Maintenance, Chengdu Vocational and Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  ⨯
• Lei Kou,

  Roles Data curation, Visualization

  Affiliation School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

  ⨯
• Mykola Sysyn,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Planning and Design of Railway Infrastructure, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany

  ⨯
• Zhiwei Ma

  Roles Visualization

  Affiliation Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rail Transit Lines Smart Operation and Maintenance, Chengdu Vocational and Technical College of Industry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  ⨯