Energy evolution and catastrophic instability of excavated consequent slopes: A cusp catastrophe-based criterion and gradient-anchoring reinforcement strategy

• Zhaofeng Liu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation School of Smart Construction and Energy Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, China

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• Bin Du ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: bindu1982@163.com

  Affiliation College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4377-5371

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• Huadong Zhu,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation Guizhou Shunkang Testing Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China

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• Yonglei Jiang,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliation Guizhou Shunkang Testing Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China

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• Tengwen Wang,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliation Guizhou Shunkang Testing Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China

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• Wei Chen,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Smart Construction and Energy Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, China

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• Yanlin Zhao,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China

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• Yuanzeng Wang

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliation School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China

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