A preliminary comparison of prosthetic socket liner strain determined using digital image correlation and finite element analysis

Mohammadreza Freidouny; Michael L. Madigan; Carson Squibb; Masaki Hada; Abbie Bailey; Trevor Johnson; Brian Kaluf; Michael K. Philen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353881

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

A preliminary comparison of prosthetic socket liner strain determined using digital image correlation and finite element analysis

Mohammadreza Freidouny,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Grado Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4827-7239

⨯
Michael L. Madigan,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Grado Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3851

⨯
Carson Squibb,

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
Masaki Hada,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization

Affiliation Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
Abbie Bailey,

Roles Methodology, Software

Affiliation Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
Trevor Johnson,

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Virginia Prosthetics and Orthotics, Christiansburg, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
Brian Kaluf,

Roles Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Salt Lake City Research Hub, Ottobock, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
⨯
Michael K. Philen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: mphilen@vt.edu

Affiliation Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-8811

⨯

A preliminary comparison of prosthetic socket liner strain determined using digital image correlation and finite element analysis

Mohammadreza Freidouny,
Michael L. Madigan,
Carson Squibb,
Masaki Hada,
Abbie Bailey,
Trevor Johnson,
Brian Kaluf,
Michael K. Philen

Published: July 14, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353881

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Finite element analysis
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Prosthetics
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Body limbs
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Material properties
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