Calibrated early-warning models with fairness auditing and selective prediction for course withdrawal risk: Evidence from OULAD

• Suhan Wu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Suhan Wu, Jingyi Duan

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-2948

  ⨯
• Jingyi Duan ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Suhan Wu, Jingyi Duan

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing, China

  ⨯
• Min Luo

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: luom@suit-sz.edu.cn

  Affiliation School of Management, Shenzhen University of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-613X

  ⨯