Comparing the safety and efficacy of sodium valproate, levetiracetam, and phenytoin in attenuating the severity of agitation in patients with post-traumatic brain injury: An observational study

Shivani Singh; Raghavendra Nayak; Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah; Ashutosh Bhosale; Reena Sherin Parveen; Varun Kumar S G; Geeta Sundar

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350585

Loading metrics

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Comparing the safety and efficacy of sodium valproate, levetiracetam, and phenytoin in attenuating the severity of agitation in patients with post-traumatic brain injury: An observational study

Shivani Singh,

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
⨯
Raghavendra Nayak,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
⨯
Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: shiva.g@manipal.edu

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-4024

⨯
Ashutosh Bhosale,

Roles Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IIndia
⨯
Reena Sherin Parveen,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
⨯
Varun Kumar S G,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Software, Visualization

Affiliation Department of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IIndia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-726X

⨯
Geeta Sundar

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
⨯

Comparing the safety and efficacy of sodium valproate, levetiracetam, and phenytoin in attenuating the severity of agitation in patients with post-traumatic brain injury: An observational study

Shivani Singh,
Raghavendra Nayak,
Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah,
Ashutosh Bhosale,
Reena Sherin Parveen,
Varun Kumar S G,
Geeta Sundar

Published: June 3, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350585

Reader Comments (0)

Post a new comment on this article

Subject Areas
?

For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here.
We want your feedback. Do these Subject Areas make sense for this article? Click the target next to the incorrect Subject Area and let us know. Thanks for your help!

Traumatic brain injury
Is the Subject Area "Traumatic brain injury" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Adverse reactions
Is the Subject Area "Adverse reactions" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Drug therapy
Is the Subject Area "Drug therapy" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Sedation
Is the Subject Area "Sedation" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Adverse events
Is the Subject Area "Adverse events" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Head injury
Is the Subject Area "Head injury" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Receptor antagonist therapy
Is the Subject Area "Receptor antagonist therapy" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Lesions
Is the Subject Area "Lesions" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.