Monitoring land degradation by soil salinity using Sentinel-2 satellite data and GIS techniques: A case study of Sabkhat Ghuwaymid, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Alneami; Abdullah Almuthibi; Merai Alqahtani; Ahmed A. Alameen; Shahd Alahmadi; Faisal Alharbi; Safiah Almutairi; Mohamed Alshafaey

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0348799

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Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Monitoring land degradation by soil salinity using Sentinel-2 satellite data and GIS techniques: A case study of Sabkhat Ghuwaymid, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Alneami ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯
Abdullah Almuthibi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯
Merai Alqahtani ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯
Ahmed A. Alameen ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: aalameen@ncvc.gov.sa, ahmedalameen088@gmail.com

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0730-4048

⨯
Shahd Alahmadi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯
Faisal Alharbi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯
Safiah Almutairi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯
Mohamed Alshafaey

Contributed equally to this work with: Ahmed Alneami, Abdullah Almuthibi, Merai Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Alameen, Shahd Alahmadi, Faisal Alharbi, Safiah Almutairi, Mohamed Alshafaey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation General Administration of Technology and Digital Transformation, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⨯

Monitoring land degradation by soil salinity using Sentinel-2 satellite data and GIS techniques: A case study of Sabkhat Ghuwaymid, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Alneami,
Abdullah Almuthibi,
Merai Alqahtani,
Ahmed A. Alameen,
Shahd Alahmadi,
Faisal Alharbi,
Safiah Almutairi,
Mohamed Alshafaey

Published: May 13, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0348799

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