Concurrent circulation of avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H9N2 enhances the genetic evolution of reassortant viruses in Egyptian poultry populations

• Nahed Yehia,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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• Mahmoud Ibrahim ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: mahmoud.jameel@vet.usc.edu.eg (MI), arianna.ceruti@uni-leipzig.de (AC)

  Affiliations Birds and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufiya, Egypt, Egyptian Company for Biological & Pharmaceutical Industries (Vaccine Valley), October City, Giza, Egypt

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• Rawan Muhammad Shady,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City, Egypt

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• Ahmed Abd Elhalem Mohamed,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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• Dalia Said,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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• Mohamed E. Taha,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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• Abdelsatar Arafa,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-2526

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• Samah Eid,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

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• Mohamed A. Shalaby,

  Roles Supervision

  Affiliation Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

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• Uwe Truyen,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany

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• Rea Maja Kobialka,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany

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• Ahmed Abd El Wahed,

  Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany

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• Arianna Ceruti

  Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mahmoud.jameel@vet.usc.edu.eg (MI), arianna.ceruti@uni-leipzig.de (AC)

  Affiliation Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3219-8691

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