Association between deployment and Gulf War Illness and adverse COVID outcomes in a nationwide cohort of 1990–1991 Gulf Era war veterans in the VA’s Million Veteran Program

• Donna L. White ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Donna L. White, Alice B. S. NonoDjotsa

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: donnal.white@va.gov

  Affiliations VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-2949

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• Alice B. S. NonoDjotsa ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Donna L. White, Alice B. S. NonoDjotsa

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-9522

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• Sarah T. Ahmed,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-545X

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• Stephen H. Boyle,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center—Durham, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• J. Michael Gaziano,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Andrew D. Thompson,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center—Durham, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Melissa G. Johnson,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center—Durham, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Elizabeth J. Gifford,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center—Durham, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Renato Polimanti,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CSP-CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System 151B, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

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• Mihaela Aslan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CSP-CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System 151B, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

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• Elizabeth R. Hauser,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations VA Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center—Durham, Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-9189

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• Drew A. Helmer ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: donnal.white@va.gov

  Affiliations VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

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• on behalf of the Million Veterans Program (MVP)

  ¶See Supplemental Information (S1 Appendix. Appendix-MVP Core Publication Acknowledgment).

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