YOLO-BP for detection of multi-scale and high intra-class variation electrode cap defects in resistance spot welding

Xiaomin Zhao; Siow Hoo Leong; Beng Yong Lee; Sofianita Mutalib; Bangchao Qiu; Meng Lyu; Zhijun Zuo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0347336

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

YOLO-BP for detection of multi-scale and high intra-class variation electrode cap defects in resistance spot welding

Xiaomin Zhao,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations College of Automotive Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry and Commerce, Guangzhou, China, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
⨯
Siow Hoo Leong ,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: leongsh@uitm.edu.my (LSH); zuozhijun@minotech.cn (ZZ)

Affiliation Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-0115

⨯
Beng Yong Lee,

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-5821

⨯
Sofianita Mutalib,

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
⨯
Bangchao Qiu,

Roles Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Guangzhou MINO Equipment Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
⨯
Meng Lyu,

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Automotive Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry and Commerce, Guangzhou, China
⨯
Zhijun Zuo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: leongsh@uitm.edu.my (LSH); zuozhijun@minotech.cn (ZZ)

Affiliations Guangzhou MINO Equipment Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
⨯

YOLO-BP for detection of multi-scale and high intra-class variation electrode cap defects in resistance spot welding

Xiaomin Zhao,
Siow Hoo Leong,
Beng Yong Lee,
Sofianita Mutalib,
Bangchao Qiu,
Meng Lyu,
Zhijun Zuo

Published: April 20, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347336

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