Auto-assessment of assessment: A human-in-the-loop AI framework addressing policy gaps in academic assessment

Wasiq Khan; Luke Topham; Nathan Jones; Peter Atherton; Raghad Al-Shabandar; Hoshang Kolivand; Iftikhar Khan; Abbas Alatrany; Abir Hussain

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0346815

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Auto-assessment of assessment: A human-in-the-loop AI framework addressing policy gaps in academic assessment

Wasiq Khan ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: W.Khan@ljmu.ac.uk

Affiliation Liverpool John Moores University, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3873

⨯
Luke Topham,

Roles Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Liverpool John Moores University, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Nathan Jones,

Roles Software, Validation, Visualization

Affiliation Liverpool John Moores University, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Peter Atherton,

Roles Validation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Liverpool John Moores University, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Raghad Al-Shabandar,

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Advisory Office, Office of the Prime Minister, Baghdad, Iraq
⨯
Hoshang Kolivand,

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Liverpool John Moores University, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-5679

⨯
Iftikhar Khan,

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Liverpool John Moores University, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Abbas Alatrany,

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Leicester, School of Computer Science, Leicester, United Kingdom
⨯
Abir Hussain

Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Universityof Sharjah, College of Engineering, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
⨯

Auto-assessment of assessment: A human-in-the-loop AI framework addressing policy gaps in academic assessment

Wasiq Khan,
Luke Topham,
Nathan Jones,
Peter Atherton,
Raghad Al-Shabandar,
Hoshang Kolivand,
Iftikhar Khan,
Abbas Alatrany,
Abir Hussain

Published: April 15, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346815

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