Statistically valid explainable black-box machine learning: applications in sex classification across species using brain imaging

• Tingshan Liu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Tingshan Liu, Jayanta Dey, Beiya Xu

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-2495

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• Jayanta Dey ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Tingshan Liu, Jayanta Dey, Beiya Xu

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-7402

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• Beiya Xu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Tingshan Liu, Jayanta Dey, Beiya Xu

  Roles Formal analysis

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1462-3850

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• Eric W. Bridgeford,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Samuel Alldritt,

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliation Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Karl-Heinz Nenning,

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliation Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America

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• Kyoungseob Byeon,

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliation Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Ting Xu,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Joshua T. Vogelstein

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jvogles3@jh.edu

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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