Network pharmacological insight into traditional bone healing practices of Sikkim, India

Mukunda Anuj Sharma; Bharat Gopalrao Somkuwar; Parvin A. Barbhuiya; Bhumika Gurung; Madhusmita Mahapatra; Firdous Fatima; Teresa Ningthoujam; Ashika Bhattarai; Bikash Rai; Pravin Kumar; Bishal Tiwari; Sancha Kumar Subba; Zyankit Lepcha; Purna Maya Gurung; Nandalal Khadka; Ratan Bahadur Tamang; Balbir Khati; Shribhakta Chettri; Ran Bahadur Rai; Hem Lall Sharma; Yam Bahadur Rai; Norzang Lepcha; Theptuk Lepcha; Pritiman Singh Chettri; Monraj Limboo; Theweng Gyenthen; Tulshi Pradhan; Prem Gurung; Prem Prashad Dhakal; Nanaocha Sharma; Lokesh Deb

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0346125

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Network pharmacological insight into traditional bone healing practices of Sikkim, India

Mukunda Anuj Sharma ,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

¶☯ Bharat Gopalrao Somkuwar and Mukunda Anuj Sharma contributed equally

Affiliations Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India, Department of Zoology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Bharat Gopalrao Somkuwar ,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

¶☯ Bharat Gopalrao Somkuwar and Mukunda Anuj Sharma contributed equally

Affiliations Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development - Mizoram (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Aizawl, India, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
⨯
Parvin A. Barbhuiya,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Bhumika Gurung,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Madhusmita Mahapatra,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Firdous Fatima,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development - Mizoram (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Aizawl, India
⨯
Teresa Ningthoujam,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
⨯
Ashika Bhattarai,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Bikash Rai,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Pravin Kumar,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Bishal Tiwari,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Sancha Kumar Subba,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Pachey Village, Samsing, Pakyong, Sikkim, India
⨯
Zyankit Lepcha,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Lower Radhu, Dentam, Geyzing, Sikkim, India
⨯
Purna Maya Gurung,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Upper Chuba, Phongla, Namchi, Sikkim, India
⨯
Nandalal Khadka,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Tangzi, Rateypani, Namchi, Sikkim, India
⨯
Ratan Bahadur Tamang,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Dhaje Dhara, Nazi Ruchung, Namchi, Sikkim, India
⨯
Balbir Khati,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Lower Rangang, Yangyang, Namchi, Sikkim, India
⨯
Shribhakta Chettri,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Namphok, Yangyang, Namchi, Sikkim, India
⨯
Ran Bahadur Rai,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Ladam Machong, Pakyong, Sikkim, India
⨯
Hem Lall Sharma,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Assam Daragong, Assam Linzey, Pakyong, Sikkim, India
⨯
Yam Bahadur Rai,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Titiribotey, Rorathang, Pakyong, Sikkim, India
⨯
Norzang Lepcha,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Shipgyer, Mangan, Sikkim, India
⨯
Theptuk Lepcha,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Upper Gor, Lower Dzongu, Mangan, Sikkim, India
⨯
Pritiman Singh Chettri,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Upper Singhik, Mangan, Near MSSS, Mangan, Sikkim, India
⨯
Monraj Limboo,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Mangshila, Upper Ralak, Mangan, Sikkim, India
⨯
Theweng Gyenthen,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Shakathang, Lachung, Mangan, Sikkim, India
⨯
Tulshi Pradhan,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Lower Timburbong, Soreng, Sikkim, India
⨯
Prem Gurung,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Namcheybong, Pakyong, Sikkim, India
⨯
Prem Prashad Dhakal,

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Traditional Healer, Aritar, Khamdong Singtam, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
⨯
Nanaocha Sharma,

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
⨯
[ ... ],
Lokesh Deb

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: lokeshdeb@gmail.com; lokeshdeb.ibsd@nic.in

Affiliations Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) - Regional Centre, Sikkim (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Gangtok, Sikkim, India, Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD) (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-8651

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Network pharmacological insight into traditional bone healing practices of Sikkim, India

Mukunda Anuj Sharma,
Bharat Gopalrao Somkuwar,
Parvin A. Barbhuiya,
Bhumika Gurung,
Madhusmita Mahapatra,
Firdous Fatima,
Teresa Ningthoujam,
Ashika Bhattarai,
Bikash Rai,
Pravin Kumar

Published: April 15, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346125

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