Deep learning for adaptive chemotherapy: A DDPG-based approach to optimizing tumor-immune dynamics

Wenlang Zhu; Mingliu Zhu; Weiye Wang; Liang Xu; Jie Wu; Weiping Li; Ruru Ma; Lingli Cao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345877

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Deep learning for adaptive chemotherapy: A DDPG-based approach to optimizing tumor-immune dynamics

Wenlang Zhu ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Wenlang Zhu, Mingliu Zhu

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
⨯
Mingliu Zhu ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Wenlang Zhu, Mingliu Zhu

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of Mathematical Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
⨯
Weiye Wang,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources

Affiliation School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
⨯
Liang Xu,

Roles Investigation, Resources, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
⨯
Jie Wu,

Roles Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
⨯
Weiping Li,

Roles Resources, Validation

Affiliation Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
⨯
Ruru Ma,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematical Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
⨯
Lingli Cao

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: cll154950165@126.com

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang, Jiangsu, China

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4598-7574

⨯

Deep learning for adaptive chemotherapy: A DDPG-based approach to optimizing tumor-immune dynamics

Wenlang Zhu,
Mingliu Zhu,
Weiye Wang,
Liang Xu,
Jie Wu,
Weiping Li,
Ruru Ma,
Lingli Cao

Published: April 8, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0345877

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