Swertiamarin fails to induce cytotoxicity in colon cancer cell lines: Evidence against a direct anticancer effect

• Ghada Khawaja ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ghada Khawaja, Aya Shoujaa

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-6187

  ⨯
• Aya Shoujaa ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ghada Khawaja, Aya Shoujaa

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

  ⨯
• Youmna El-Orfali,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon, Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5706-2459

  ⨯
• Sonia Abou Najem,

  Roles Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7435-4962

  ⨯
• Michel J. Massaad

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mm257@aub.edu.lb

  Affiliations Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Research Center of Excellence in Immunity and Infections, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-0217

  ⨯