PufCB-Auth: A lightweight continuous multi-factor authentication scheme integrated PUF with charging behavior features for EV charging

Chongchao Zhang; Kaichen Zhang; Chunguang Zhang; Shihui Chen; Ji Ma; Shichang Fu; Chunlei Yang; Yi Wang; Nan Zhang; Li Zhao; Xiaolei Ying; Leijie He; Hongyue Ma

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0344506

Loading metrics

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

PufCB-Auth: A lightweight continuous multi-factor authentication scheme integrated PUF with charging behavior features for EV charging

Chongchao Zhang,

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliations State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China, State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Kaichen Zhang,

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Chunguang Zhang,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Shihui Chen,

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Ji Ma ,

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: 13641038743@139.com

Affiliations State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China, State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9299-645X

⨯
Shichang Fu,

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Chunlei Yang,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation State Grid Si Ji Wang An Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Yi Wang,

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Ningbo Power Supply Company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
⨯
Nan Zhang,

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Software

Affiliation State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯
Li Zhao,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Validation, Visualization

Affiliation Ningbo Power Supply Company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
⨯
Xiaolei Ying,

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization

Affiliation Ningbo Power Supply Company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
⨯
Leijie He,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation

Affiliation Ningbo Power Supply Company of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
⨯
Hongyue Ma

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation State Grid Information & Telecommunication Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
⨯

PufCB-Auth: A lightweight continuous multi-factor authentication scheme integrated PUF with charging behavior features for EV charging

Chongchao Zhang,
Kaichen Zhang,
Chunguang Zhang,
Shihui Chen,
Ji Ma,
Shichang Fu,
Chunlei Yang,
Yi Wang,
Nan Zhang,
Li Zhao

Published: May 15, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344506

Reader Comments (0)

Post a new comment on this article

Subject Areas
?

For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here.
We want your feedback. Do these Subject Areas make sense for this article? Click the target next to the incorrect Subject Area and let us know. Thanks for your help!

Imitation
Is the Subject Area "Imitation" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Computer security
Is the Subject Area "Computer security" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Cryptography
Is the Subject Area "Cryptography" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Cloning
Is the Subject Area "Cloning" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Machine learning
Is the Subject Area "Machine learning" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Habits
Is the Subject Area "Habits" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Statistical data
Is the Subject Area "Statistical data" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Theft
Is the Subject Area "Theft" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.