Meningococcal carriage and transmission dynamics in college students in Louisville, Kentucky

Forest W. Arnold; Leslie Wolf Parrish; Subathra Marimuthu; Jamie Findlow; Angela Quinn; Vidyulata Salunkhe; Daniya Sheikh; Phillip Bressoud; T’shura Ali; Dawn Balcom; Mohammad Ali; Ryan S. Doster; Deepti Deepti; Mohammad Tahboub; Fama Ndiaye; Jay Lucidarme; Stephen A. Clark; Ray Borrow; Paul Balmer; Steven Gootee; for the CERID study group

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0344194

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Meningococcal carriage and transmission dynamics in college students in Louisville, Kentucky

Forest W. Arnold ,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: f.arnold@louisville.edu

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-2046

⨯
Leslie Wolf Parrish,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Subathra Marimuthu,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Jamie Findlow,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Vaccines, Medical Affairs, Pfizer Ltd, Tadworth, Surrey, United Kingdom
⨯
Angela Quinn,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯
Vidyulata Salunkhe,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Daniya Sheikh,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Phillip Bressoud,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Campus Health Services, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
T’shura Ali,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-4283

⨯
Dawn Balcom,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Mohammad Ali,

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Affairs and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-388X

⨯
Ryan S. Doster,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Deepti Deepti,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Mohammad Tahboub,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Fama Ndiaye,

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
Jay Lucidarme,

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Meningococcal Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-2512

⨯
Stephen A. Clark,

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Meningococcal Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
⨯
Ray Borrow,

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Meningococcal Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-6568

⨯
Paul Balmer,

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Affairs and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯
Steven Gootee,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1355-3834

⨯
[ ... ],
for the CERID study group

¶Appendix A.

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
⨯
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Meningococcal carriage and transmission dynamics in college students in Louisville, Kentucky

Forest W. Arnold,
Leslie Wolf Parrish,
Subathra Marimuthu,
Jamie Findlow,
Angela Quinn,
Vidyulata Salunkhe,
Daniya Sheikh,
Phillip Bressoud,
T’shura Ali,
Dawn Balcom

Published: March 5, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344194

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