The dynamics of educational transformation: Empirical insights into how innovation, collaboration, and professional development influence digital resource usage across 81 countries

• Liu Yuting,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Aviation Physical Education, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, The School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-9750

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• Rabiatul-adawiah Binti Ahmad Rashid ,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: r_adawiah@usm.my

  Affiliation The School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-9704

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• Zhu Xiaoying,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation The School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

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• Chen cheng

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Zhongyuan Institute of Science and Technology, China

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