Penalty kick or not? Differences in the interpretation of handball incidents in professional association football

• Tobias Bauch ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: tobias.bauch@dfb.de

  Affiliations Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany, DFB Schiri GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7907-1531

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• Daniel Leyhr,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany, Methods Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-0866

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• David Schmidt,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation

  Affiliation DFB Schiri GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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• Daniel Brinkmann,

  Roles Conceptualization, Resources

  Affiliation DFB-Akademie, DFB GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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• Oliver Höner

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany, Bund Deutscher Fußball-Lehrer e.V., Frankfurt am Main, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-1531

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