Health risk assessment of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in bread from Iranian markets: Application of monte carlo simulation approach

Najmeh Khodadadi; Masoumeh Saghi; Sina Mashayekhi; Negin Bashirian; Fateme Asadi Touranlou; Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0341584

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Health risk assessment of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in bread from Iranian markets: Application of monte carlo simulation approach

Najmeh Khodadadi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Najmeh Khodadadi, Masoumeh Saghi

Roles Formal analysis, Validation

Affiliations Department of Health, Safety, and Environment Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
⨯
Masoumeh Saghi ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Najmeh Khodadadi, Masoumeh Saghi

Roles Data curation, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
⨯
Sina Mashayekhi,

Roles Data curation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Student Research Committee, Department of Health, Safety, and Environment Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
⨯
Negin Bashirian,

Roles Data curation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Student Research Committee, Department of Health, Safety, and Environment Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
⨯
Fateme Asadi Touranlou,

Roles Formal analysis, Validation

Affiliation Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
⨯
Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: tavakkolisanib@mums.ac.ir

Affiliations Department of Health, Safety, and Environment Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7891-4449

⨯

Health risk assessment of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in bread from Iranian markets: Application of monte carlo simulation approach

Najmeh Khodadadi,
Masoumeh Saghi,
Sina Mashayekhi,
Negin Bashirian,
Fateme Asadi Touranlou,
Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany

Published: February 23, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0341584

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