ViT-Stain: Vision transformer-driven virtual staining for skin histopathology via global contextual learning

• Muhammad Altaf Hussain ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Muhammad Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Asim Waris, Muhammad Usman Akram, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Asaf

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: altaf42049@gmail.com

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8065-9863

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• Muhammad Asim Waris ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Muhammad Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Asim Waris, Muhammad Usman Akram, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Asaf

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0190-0700

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• Muhammad Usman Akram ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Muhammad Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Asim Waris, Muhammad Usman Akram, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Asaf

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Computer and Software Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Muhammad Jawad Khan ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Muhammad Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Asim Waris, Muhammad Usman Akram, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Asaf

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Muhammad Zeeshan Asaf ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Muhammad Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Asim Waris, Muhammad Usman Akram, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Asaf

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Software

  Affiliation Department of Computer and Software Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Amber Javaid ,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Validation

  ¶‡ AJ, SOG and FH also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Syed Omer Gilani ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ AJ, SOG and FH also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5654-7863

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• Fawwaz Hazzazi

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ AJ, SOG and FH also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

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