Is the human chin a spandrel? Insights from an evolutionary analysis of ape craniomandibular form

• Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel, Lauren Schroeder

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: noreenvo@buffalo.edu

  Affiliation Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-3892

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• Jill E. Scott,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

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• Chris A. Robinson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, United States of America, Doctoral Program in Anthropology and The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-9915

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• Lauren Schroeder

  Contributed equally to this work with: Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel, Lauren Schroeder

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa

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