Geospatial modeling and forecasting of urban land use change using Google Earth Engine and machine learning

• Rana Muhammad Amir Latif ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Adnan Arshad

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8153-8729

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• Adnan Arshad ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Adnan Arshad

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations State-Key Laboratory Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystem, China-Kazakhstan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Grassland Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China, Department of Climate-smart Agriculture, PODA-Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Jinliao He ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jlhe@iud.ecnu.edu.cn (JH); aahmed83@uaeu.ac.ae (AA)

  Affiliation The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, Institute of Urban Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

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• Tofeeq Ahmad,

  Roles Software, Validation, Visualization

  Affiliations Department of Geosciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE, National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7914-867X

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• Alaa Ahmed

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation

  * E-mail: jlhe@iud.ecnu.edu.cn (JH); aahmed83@uaeu.ac.ae (AA)

  Affiliations Department of Geosciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE, National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE

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