Enhanced distance protection for HVDC lines using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems

• A. M. Hamada,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Railway Department, Faculty of Industrial and Energy Technology, Borg El-Arab Technological University, Alexandria, Egypt

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• M.I. Abdel-fattah,

  Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Electrical Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

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• Ali M. El-Rifaie,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-0053

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• Fahmi Elsayed,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-9907

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• Mohsen A. M. El-bendary,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Electrictronics Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

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• Tamer A. A. Ismail,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Electrical Department, Faculty of Technology at El Sahafa Street, Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo, Egypt

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• Ijaz Ahmed,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

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• M. M. R. Ahmed

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mohamed.ramadan@techedu.helwan.edu.eg

  Affiliation Electrical Technology Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2066-4256

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