The impact of college students’ physical exercise on negative emotion: The chain mediating role of self-efficacy and smartphone addiction

• Rui Li ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rui Li, Hao-yu Li, Hao-jie Zuo

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Hao-yu Li ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rui Li, Hao-yu Li, Hao-jie Zuo

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Hao-jie Zuo ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rui Li, Hao-yu Li, Hao-jie Zuo

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Jia-meng Sun,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology

  Affiliations Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, School of Physical Education, Nantong Normal College, Nantong, China

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• Qi Liu,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliation Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Chen-xi Li,

  Roles Formal analysis

  Affiliation Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Ning Zhou,

  Roles Formal analysis

  Affiliation Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Bo Li,

  Roles Data curation, Validation

  Affiliation Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China

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• Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mohdnizam@ukm.edu.my

  Affiliation Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3005-247X

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