Diagnostic performance of four AI tools in pharmacology MCQs: Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity

• Ayah J. Al-Rahahleh,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

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• Mai Z. Rizik,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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• Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: fahmialashwal89@gmail.com, f.al-ashwal@ust.edu.ye

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-0771

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• Rana K. Abu-Farha

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

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