Spinal cord lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Prognostic value of intrathecal production of immunoglobulins

Daniel Kreiter; Niels Franken; Demmie Bouweriks; Stephanie Knippenberg; Raymond Hupperts; Oliver Gerlach

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0337515

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Spinal cord lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Prognostic value of intrathecal production of immunoglobulins

Daniel Kreiter ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

* E-mail: d.kreiter@zuyderland.nl

Affiliations Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland MC, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-1834

⨯
Niels Franken,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
⨯
Demmie Bouweriks,

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland MC, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6141-5261

⨯
Stephanie Knippenberg,

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland MC, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
⨯
Raymond Hupperts,

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland MC, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
⨯
Oliver Gerlach

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland MC, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
⨯

Spinal cord lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Prognostic value of intrathecal production of immunoglobulins

Daniel Kreiter,
Niels Franken,
Demmie Bouweriks,
Stephanie Knippenberg,
Raymond Hupperts,
Oliver Gerlach

Published: December 5, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0337515

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Lesions
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Spinal cord
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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Antibodies
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Multiple sclerosis
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Brain diseases
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Radiology and imaging
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