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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

ESA-YOLO: An efficient scale-aware traffic sign detection algorithm based on YOLOv11 under adverse weather conditions

ChenHao Li,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Computer Science and Technology, XinJiang University, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
⨯
ShuXian Liu ,

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: liushuxian@xju.edu.cn

Affiliation School of Computer Science and Technology, XinJiang University, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-2235

⨯
ZiNuo Peng

Roles Investigation

Affiliation School of Computer Science and Technology, XinJiang University, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
⨯

ESA-YOLO: An efficient scale-aware traffic sign detection algorithm based on YOLOv11 under adverse weather conditions

ChenHao Li,
ShuXian Liu,
ZiNuo Peng

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Published: November 14, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336863

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